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Bill Clinton

In 1992, while Bill Clinton was campaigning across the nation in an effort to become the 42nd president of the United Stales, he promised to end “influence peddling” and “business as usual” when he got to Washington. In that same year, the Center discovered and reported in the first “Under the Influence: Presidential Candidates and their Campaign Advisers” that more than half of Clinton’s unpaid campaign advisers were from “inside the Beltway” of Washington. In addition, the Center for Responsive Politics reported that lawyers and lobbyists were Clinton’s biggest campaign contributors in 1992, donating $3.1 million. This same pattern holds for the 1996 Clinton/Gore reelection effort. From January 1 to September 30, 1995, lawyers and lobbyists contributed more than $25 million to the campaign.

Special Relationships

As president, Clinton still surrounds himself with high-priced lobbyists. Some of 1992’s unpaid campaign advisers who were lobbyists and foreign agents made it into Clinton’s administration. Samuel “Sandy” Berger, an attorney at Hogan and Hartson who represented Toyota and the Embassy of Japan, among others, advised Clinton closely on foreign policy issues and headed the national security transition team. He is now the While House deputy assistant to the president for national security affairs. James Blanchard, a former governor of Michigan and lawyer with Venter, Liipfert, Bernard, & Hand, a Washington law firm, was appointed U.S. ambassador to Canada when Clinton became president. Similarly, Stuart Eizenstat, who has worked for several presidents including Jimmy Carter, was managing partner with Powell, Goldstein, Frazier, & Murphy, a D.C. law firm. His clients included Intelstal, Procter & Gamble, Hercules, Hewlett-Packard, the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews, and Hitachi. The firm is registered as a foreign agent with the Justice Department. Eizenstat is ambassador to the European Union. Paul London and Paula Stern, the husband and wife Clinton campaign advisers, also got jobs in the administration. London, an economist who has been registered as a foreign agent at the Department of Justice and whose clients have included Hydro-Quebec, the Japanese Society of Industrial Machinery Manufacturers, and the Natural Gas Supply Association, is presently deputy undersecretary for economic affairs at the Commerce Department. His wife Paula Stem, who was at the Commerce Department with the International Trade Commission (ITC) from 1978 to 1987, and who from 1984 to 1987 was chairwoman of the ITC, has testified before the ITC as an expert on behalf of the Japanese Display Industry. Stern was also hired to do economic analysis by a group of steel users who were opposed to quotas on steel imports. Her analysis supported the case for unlimited steel imports. Stern advised the Clinton campaign on economic policy and is part of the President’s Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations. Since the 1992 election she has become a board member of Wal-Mart and Westinghouse.

Some other lobbyists who have advised President Clinton since 1993 include:

Michael Berman is the president of The Duberstein Group and a close friend of the president and Hillary Rodham Clinton. He is a registered lobbyist whose clients have included Goldman Sachs, Aetna Life and Casualty, the Healthcare Leadership Council, Monsanto Co., National Cable Television Association, Shell Oil, Time Warner, and United Airlines. Herman had a “special access” pass to the White House until the practice was discontinued in 1994 after media scrutiny. Herman told The Washington Post in July 1994 that he had helped set up the Presidential Legal Expense Trust to raise money to pay for the Clinton’s legal bills arising out of the Whitewater investigation and the Paula Corbin Jones sexual harassment allegations.

Thomas H. Boggs is a partner in the Washington law and lobbying firm of Patton Boggs. Boggs was literally born into Washington politics as the son of former Democratic House Majority Leader Hale Boggs and former Congresswoman Lindy Boggs. Patton, Boggs is a registered lobbyist and foreign agent. The firm’s clients have included the government of Abu Dhabi, ARCO, Bristol-Myers, Chrysler Corp., Dole Foods, Inc., GE Capital Services, The Major League Baseball Players Association, Pennzoil, Shell Oil, and US Air. President Clinton watched the 1994 election returns in the White House with Boggs.

Vernon Jordan is one of Bill Clinton’s best friends and confidants. Jordan had a “special access” White House pass until the practice was discontinued in 1994 Jordan served as the co-chairman of the Clinton/Gore transition team. Jordan sits on the boards of the American Express Company and is a partner at the Washington lobbying powerhouse of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer, & Feld. Akin, Gump’s clients include Albertson’s, Inc., American Airlines, Archer-Daniels-Midland, AT&T, Burlington Northern Railroad, Food Lion, Mazda Corp., MCA, Inc., the government of Norway, Time Warner, and Westinghouse. He organized the January 1996 Washington book party for Hillary Rodham Clinton’s It Takes a Village.

Roy Neel is former deputy chief of staff to President Clinton and longtime aide to Vice President Al Gore. Neel resigned in November 1993 to become the president and C.E.O of the United States Telephone Association (USTA). The Clinton administration has been supportive of telecommunications companies, encouraging private, rather than public investment to develop this industry. In his State of the Union address on January 23, 1996, Clinton urged Congress to pass the telecommunications bill (which it did in the first week of February), which USTA has been aggressively lobbying. In the summer of 1995, Clinton had said he would veto the bill because it unfairly favored the “Baby Bells” and their monopoly on local phone markets The Baby Bells are USTA’s main members.

Neel said he is not working on the Clinton campaign “He has plenty of excellent political advisers. And I have strenuously followed the employment restrictions put on me after leaving the White House. I have started my new life.” Neel said, “I have helped some folks in Tennessee with the campaign because I have friends there, but I’m not advising the president.”

Susan Thomases is a lobbyist with Willkie Fair and Gallagher. The firm is registered with the Justice Department as a foreign agent. Thomases was to have run the Clinton reelection campaign in New York, but another New York lawyer will fill that position, according to The Washington Times. The New York-based Thomases travels to Washington once a week where some reports indicate she lobbies. Thomases was one of Hillary Rodham Clinton’s closest advisers and oldest friends, and had a “special access” pass for the White House until media scrutiny ended the practice in 1994. Thomases has testified before the Senate Banking Committee concerning the Whitewater affair, whose chairman, Alfonse D’Amato, has recommended to the independent counsel, Kenneth Starr, that she and Mrs. Clinton’s chief of staff, Maggie Williams, be investigated on charges of committing perjury while under oath during their Senate testimony. Willkie Fair’s clients have included the Cellular Communications Industry Association, Isuzu Motors, J.P. Morgan & Co., Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Sony Corp Of America, Westinghouse, and the Yamaha Motor Corp. U.S.A. As reported in The Buying of the President, Willkie Fair was one of Clinton’s top career patrons, having contributed more than $50,000 from 1981 to 1994.

Phillip Verveer is a partner in the Washington office of Willkie, Fair and Gallagher and is married to Melanne Verveer, Hillary Rodham Clinton’s deputy chief of staff. Verveer, who attended Georgetown University with the president, wrote a letter to Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown recommending that one of his telecommunications clients, William Ginsberg, of Cellular Communications International, be included in the Commerce Department foreign trade mission to India. Verveer noted that Ginsberg was a “very generous donor” to the Democratic Party. (See Thomases above for clients.)

Verveer told the Center that he was not an adviser on the campaign. But when asked, on what issues have you advised the president and the first lady, he replied. “On telecommunications, the only thing I really know about.”

Anne Wexler is president of the Wexler Group, a lobbying firm and registered foreign agent. Wexler was a Clinton adviser during the 1992 presidential campaign and helped prepare the health care briefing books while she was representing health care clients. Wexler’s clients have included ARCO, AT&T, The Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, Eastman Kodak, Heinz Family Foundation, Johnson & Johnson, Ohio Edison, Pitney Bowes, Inc., and Sega of America.

Wexler’s husband, Joseph Duffy, is the director of the U.S. Information Agency. Her son works as a White House aide in the office of Alexis Herman, director of business liaison and former aide to Chairman Ron Brown at the Democratic National Committee.

Anne Wexler said that she is not advising the president on the 1996 campaign yet, but added that she will probably be an informal adviser on framing strategy and issues. She called the current group of campaign advisers “professional.”

Betsey Wright is a former chief of staff to then-Governor Clinton in Arkansas and became famous for inventing the phrase “bimbo eruptions” during the 1992 campaign. She is currently under subpoena to testify about her role in the Whitewater affair. Wright is the executive vice president of the Wexler Group (See Wexler above for clients.)

A Political Mercenary?

Dick Morris has signed on as the chief campaign adviser for the 1996 Clinton/Gore reelection effort. Morris has been paid more than $170,000 for consulting services in 1995, according to Federal Election Commission reports. Although he is often described in the media as a “Republican” consultant, Morris has worked off and on for Bill Clinton and other Arkansas Democrats, including U.S. Senator David Pryor, for almost 20 years. While news stories have said that the relationship between Clinton and Morris was re-established in 1994, the Center has seen documents that indicate that as early as the morning of October 30, 1993, Morris was meeting privately with Clinton in the White House while attacking the Clinton administration inside Republican circles and working for Republican candidates. Morris would not respond to requests by the Center to be interviewed.

Bill Clinton first met Dick Morris in late 1977. As the attorney general of Arkansas, Clinton was beginning to organize his first run for governor and he liked the way Morris operated. The relationship was sealed for a time when Clinton won the Democratic primary with 60 percent of the vote and then cruised to an easy win in the general election. Despite their relationship, Morris was not rehired to run the disastrous 1980 campaign, which Clinton lost to Republican Frank White. According to David Maraniss, in his book First in His Class, Morris thought that Clinton “had gone from being a practical hard-nosed political operative to being a Boy Scout.” Morris also said that Clinton viewed him as “something dirty, that he didn’t want to touch without gloves.”

After the 1980 loss, Clinton again turned to Morris to help re-craft his image and regain the governorship. They continued to work together on Clinton’s successful campaigns until they had a serious scare in the 1990 race. On the Saturday night before the election, Morris ran a tracking poll on the race between Clinton and his Republican challenger, Sheffield Nelson. He found that Clinton had unexpectedly slipped 10 points and immediately called the governor’s mansion. Working all night, the campaign team wrote and produced a response ad to Nelson’s charges against Clinton’s tax plans. To pay for the television time, Clinton took out a personal loan from the Bank of Perry County, a transaction that is currently under review by the Whitewater independent counsel. But the ads worked and Clinton again won easily. Clinton, however, was reportedly fed up with Morris. Because of the large winning percentage, members of the Clinton campaign did not believe that Morris’ panic over the ads had been justified, and he was never paid for the tracking poll.

Just days after the victory, Clinton confronted Morris about the polls. “They had a screaming match, and Dick told me that Clinton punched him in the face,” an Arkansas political activist said. Morris’s hardball brand of politics has also irked Republican candidates as well. “I’ve had my staff tell me that they would quit if we ever did another campaign with Dick Morris again,” a Republican political consultant who has worked on several campaigns with Morris said in an interview.

Morris continues his close relationship with the Republican lieutenant governor of Arkansas, Mike Huckabee. Morris was scheduled to work as a consultant for Huckabee’s 1996 bid for the U.S. Senate, but was forced to withdraw because of his relationship with Clinton. “I hope to continue and always have a personal relationship [with Dick Morris],” Huckabee told Roll Call. According to sources close to Huckabee’s campaign, Morris is still a trusted unpaid adviser. Morris has also worked on the campaigns of Republican senators Trent Lott of Mississippi and Dan Coats of Indiana as well as former Senator Paula Hawkins of Florida. While advising Clinton, Morris contacted Coats to tell him, the president was interested in his “Project for American Renewal,” concerned with creating private initiatives to help the poor and disadvantaged once the welfare state is dismantled. Clinton eventually contacted Coats to discuss these ideas. In addition, Morris was associated with the lobbying firm Black, Manafort, Stone, & Kelly, receiving $18,500 as a finder’s fee in 1995, according to Morris’s financial disclosure. Morris’s position with the Clinton/Gore reelection team has concerned many Democrats. In defending Morris to the liberal wing of the party, Clinton/Gore deputy campaign manager Ann Lewis said: “The president chose a wide range of advisers because he . . . gets to choose among them. What President Clinton did with his team is really bring in some different people.” An unnamed White House official was quoted by The Washington Times as saying that “Mr. Morris is not on friendly terms with some of the White House political aides.”

Deputy Chief of Staff Harold Ickes, one of Clinton’s closest White House advisers and longtime labor liberal who worked for Jesse Jackson, has had his differences with Morris. When Morris hired Perm & Schoen Associates to do polling for the White House, Ickes was reportedly taken aback. According to FEC reports, the Clinton campaign has paid Perm & Schoen $132,611 for polling and consulting work over a six-month period ending on September 30, 1995. Ickes is close to David Dinkins, while Penn & Schoen (and Morris) worked for Ed Koch during the bitter New York City 1989 mayoral primary.

With Morris in control, top players from the 1992 Clinton/Gore team have either been replaced or their roles have been reduced. Fabled “war room” czar James Carville will take a back seat in this campaign. Although he opened the New Hampshire Clinton campaign office, Carville told the Center that his participation would be limited in the campaign and that Morris was running the show. Paul Begala, Carville’s partner in the now-defunct political consulting firm, Carville & Begala, is in Austin, Texas, and will only be informally advising the reelection team. Stanley Greenberg, who has received $4.5 million dollars from the Democratic Party to do polling for the White House since Clinton was elected and has been Clinton’s pollster since 1990, was replaced by Douglas Penn and Mark Schoen as the primary pollsters. Greenberg will now provide polling analysis to the campaign. Advertising consultant Mandy Grunwald has been replaced by longtime Democratic consultant and television personality Bob Squier and his firm, Squier Knapp and Ochs, although she still is informally advising the campaign, according to reports. As of September 1995, FEC records show that Squier’s firm has been paid $2,436,000 for media work.

“Dick Morris does have a strong role in all this. I don’t want to diminish that. He has given us the prominence we have with the campaign now,” Tom Ochs of Squier Knapp and Ochs said. Ochs added: “Everyone thinks we’re new to Clinton, but we’ve supported Clinton/Gore for a long time. We did the work on Al Gore’s two successful senate campaigns starting back in 1984.” Ochs also said that Clinton has known Squier for years because of Squier Knapp and Ochs’ work in Arkansas on the Dale Bumpers campaign. When Clinton’s popularity bounced back in the fall of 1995, Ochs scoffed at the significance of consultants. He said in an interview: “This is not a comeback orchestrated by consultants. Clinton’s comeback is because he has stood up for his issues. That Dick Morris or some consultant is responsible for this is horseshit. The president is clearly and unequivocally managing the policy.”

Advisers

Principal Outside Advisers

Dick Morris is a paid campaign strategist and Connecticut-based political consultant. See A Political Mercenary?

Robert Squier is a longtime Washington-based Democratic media consultant and television commentator for NBC’s Today show. He is a partner in Squier Knapp and Ochs Communications, which is registered as a foreign agent at the Justice Department. See A Political Mercenary?

Douglas Penn is a partner in the New York polling firm of Perm & Schoen. See A Political Mercenary?

Mark Schoen is a partner in the New York polling firm of Penn & Schoen. See A Political Mercenary?

Henry Sheinkopf, a former New York City police officer, assists Squier in the television and media buys. Sheinkopf is well-known in Democratic political circles for his negative advertising campaigns Morris brought him into the campaign. Sheinkopf said that he’s never worked for a Republican candidate, and he downplayed Morris’s Republican ties. “Dick Morris is a longtime supporter of the president.” he said. “He supports the president 100 percent and to suggest otherwise is inaccurate “

Principal White House Advisers

Harold Ickes is deputy chief of staff. Along with campaign consultant Dick Morris, Ickes is running the reelection campaign. He attends the weekly meetings in the White House to discuss campaign strategy. Ickes joined the Clinton administration in December 1993 and worked on health care reform. He managed the Democratic National Convention for Clinton in 1992. Ickes is a former New York labor lawyer and legal counsel to David Dinkins. He also worked on Jesse Jackson’s 1988 campaign. He is considered Clinton’s main tie to the liberal community.

Evelyn Lieberman is the first female deputy chief of staff to the president. She is a close friend of Mrs. Clinton and former aide to the first lady. She was also deputy press secretary to President Clinton.

Leon Panetta is White House chief of staff. He has participated in weekly reelection strategy meetings at the White House. Panetta was first named Clinton’s budget director, but was asked to replace Mack McLarty as Clinton’s chief of staff. He is a former California congressman and was sometimes labeled a conservative Democrat for his reputation as a deficit cutter.

Jack Quinn is White House counsel. Prior to this position, he was Vice President Gore’s chief of staff. He has participated in weekly meetings concerning reelection strategy with Ickes, Gore, and Morris. The Gore-Perot NAFTA debate on CNN’s Larry King Livewas Quinn’s brainchild. Quinn is a former associate of Jamie Gorelick, the U.S deputy attorney general. They worked together when Gorelick was a partner at the D.C. law firm Miller, Cassidy, Larroca, & Lewin, and Quinn worked as a lobbyist for Arnold & Porter. He was a registered foreign agent until 1990 and lobbied on behalf of the London Commodity Exchange and International Commodities Clearing House.

Craig Smith is advising on reelection strategy and assembling field staff in all the states. He also is White House deputy political director.

Doug Sosnik is advising on reelection strategy and assembling field staff in all the states. He is also White House political director.

George Stephanopoulos is senior adviser on policy and strategy at the White House. He was Clinton’s deputy campaign manager in 1992. Previously, he worked for Democratic Congressman Richard Gephardt of Missouri.

Other Advisers

David Axelrod is a Chicago-based Democratic political consultant who is informally advising the Clinton campaign. Axelrod was a strategist and adviser for former Representative Dan Rostenkowski’s failed 1994 campaign, and he worked closely with Doak & Shrum, Robert Squier, and Frank Greer on New York Governor Mario Cuomo’s failed 1994 run. Axelrod also worked on Illinois Senator Paul Simon’s 1988 presidential run and helped to elect Chicago’s first black mayor, Harold Washington.

Donald Baer was promoted in December 1995 from presidential speechwriter to director of White House communications. The Washington Post reported Baer was promoted to help shape the 1996 campaign message. He was originally recruited into the Clinton administration by David Gergen. Prior to working at the White House, Baer covered the White House for U.S. News & World Report.

Charlie Baker is a paid campaign strategist reprising his 1992 role as field coordinator. Baker was a registered lobbyist until May 1995 and his clients included The Wexler Group, USA*NAFTA, and General Electric. Baker is a lawyer with the Boston law firm of Mill & Barlow and works at The Dewey Square Group, a political consulting group. He was Massachusetts campaign manager for Michael Dukakis’ presidential campaign.

Paul Begala is an informal campaign adviser. He works for Public Strategies, Inc., in Austin, Texas, writes articles for George magazine and appears on television talk shows. See A Political Mercenary?

James Carville is an unpaid informal adviser. He opened the New Hampshire reelection headquarters. See A Political Mercenary?

David Doak was informally advising Clinton with partner Bob Shrum. Doak and Shrum split up and Doak is teaming up with Democratic consultant David Axelrod. Doak was reportedly closer to the Clinton administration than Shrum. Doak was critical of Clinton for adopting Republican rhetoric during the affirmative action debate. He also advised Clinton on his response to the House GOP’s Contract with America, painting Republicans as “mean.” Doak advised Senator Chuck Robb, Democrat from Virginia, during Robb’s 1994 race against Oliver North. Doak and Shrum worked on David Dinkins’ failed race against New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.

Carter Eskew is a Democratic political consultant, formerly with Grunwald, Eskew, & Donilon.

Geoffrey Garin is an informal White House adviser. He has done polling for the Democratic Party, congressional and gubernatorial candidates, as well as labor and public interest groups.

Stanley Greenberg has been Clinton’s pollster since 1990 and a prominent White House adviser. Greenberg has also advised Senator Christopher Dodd, Democrat from Connecticut. Greenberg is married to Connecticut Democratic Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro. See A Political Mercenary?

Frank Greer was Clinton’s media adviser during the 1992 campaign. He continues to be an adviser to the White House.

Brian Lunde is a Democratic consultant with Lunde & Burger, Inc. Lunde worked on Representative Bob Mrazek’s bid for Senate seat from New York in 1992. Mrazek was tainted by his involvement in the House check-writing scandal. Lunde managed Paul Simon’s 1988 presidential bid. He is the former executive director of the DNC. He is also a partner in Decision Management, Inc.

Terrence McAuliffe is campaign finance chairman. He was previously at the Democratic National Committee and is credited with raising more money sooner — $26 million — than any other presidential reelection campaign.

Mack McLarty grew up with Bill Clinton in Arkansas. He is currently counselor to the president. His original position in the White House was chief of staff. McLarty was the chairman and CEO of Arkla, the Arkansas-based Fortune 500 natural gas company. McLarty served as treasurer for Clinton’s 1984 gubernatorial run. At the age of 23, McLarty was the youngest stale legislator ever elected to the Arkansas Senate.

Mark McKinnon is an Austin-based Democratic media consultant. He masterminded a media campaign in an effort to jump-start Texas Senator Bob Krueger’s flagging campaign in 1993, where he worked closely with Paul Begala. He also worked with James Carville on Lloyd Doggett’s failed 1984 Senate race against Phil Gramm. McKinnon called incumbent Gramm the “best message politician he has ever seen.”

Mark Melman is an informal adviser to Clinton and did polling for the Democratic Party during the 1994 congressional races.

Joe Ratliff is with the Little Rock office of Baird Kurtz & Dobson, a Denver-based accounting firm. Ratliff and the firm are advising the campaign on accounting and financial management issues. They recently merged with the CPA firm Zaveral Boosalis & Raisch. Baird Kurtz & Dobson has worked for Senator John Kerry, Democrat from Massachusetts.

Skip Rutherford is a paid campaign adviser with Cranford, Johnson, Robinson, & Wood, a Little Rock-based public relations firm, a former 1992 adviser to the Clinton campaign and a member of President-elect Clinton’s transition team. According to the FEC, Rutherford’s firm was paid $59,343.94 for a fundraising event in July 1995. “It’s totally normal for Bill Clinton to call us [about the campaign],” Rutherford said in an interview. On June 23, 1995, the firm organized a Clinton/Gore campaign fundraiser.

Rutherford was head of the Arkansas Democratic Party in 1989. He was vice president of public and governmental policy at Arkla, Inc. Cranford was recently rated the sixth fastest growing PR agency in the country. Their other clients include Entergy, Alltel, Carolina Power & Light, and McDonald’s.

Alan Secrest is a Democratic pollster for the firm of Cooper & Secrest. He is an informal adviser to the Clinton campaign. Last year, Secrest told Investor’s Business Daily, “It will be extremely difficult for Clinton to win in a two-man field.”

Bob Shrum is a member of the newly formed Democratic consulting firm of Shrum, Devine, & Donilon. Shrum has been informally advising the Clinton campaign since February 1995. The Boston Globe called Shrum “the Democrat’s king of slash and burn,” because he is infamous for his hard-hitting attack-ad campaigns. He ran Massachusetts Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy’s ad strategy against Mitt Romney in ‘94 and is currently helping John Kerry run against Republican Governor Bill Weld. He also ran Nebraska Democrat Senator Bob Kerrey’s presidential primary campaign against Clinton. His former firm, Doak, Shrum, Harris, Carrier, & Devine, worked for Congressman Richard Gephardt and Ted Kennedy.

Brenda Scisson is a paid adviser with Cranford, Johnson, Robinson & Wood, a Little Rock-based public relations company.

Loretta Ucelli is the spokesperson for the EPA. According to news accounts, Ucelli has participated in Clinton’s Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday meetings that focus on shaping the Clinton message. From 1989 to 1992, Ucelli was the spokesperson for the National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL) and between 1986 and 1988 she was the spokesperson for the National Association of Broadcasters.

Melanne Verveer is deputy chief of staff for Hillary Rodham Clinton. Her husband, Philip Verveer, is a partner at Willkie, Fair & Gallagher (See Special Relationships.)

Naomi Wolf is an informal unpaid adviser on how to capture the women’s vote. She has been working with Squier Knapp and Ochs Communications since October 1995 on this campaign strategy. Wolf is the best-selling author of The Beauty Myth and Fire With Fire. She is married to White House speechwriter David Shipley.

Michael Whouley is a paid campaign strategist who is advising on field coordination. He was a registered lobbyist until May 1995 and his clients included The Wexler Group, USA*NAFTA, and General Electric. In 1995, Whouley received a monthly $8,000 retainer from the Democratic National Committee. During the 1992 election, he was the Clinton campaign’s field director. He is a partner at The Dewey Square Group, a Boston-based lobbying firm.

Campaign Staff

Campaign Communications Director/Director of Communications: Ann Lewis
Issues Director: Craig Smith